Jeita Grotto

Jeita has two main levels formed by water over a very long period in the limestone mountains. Around nine kilometres of passages have been explored, but only a smaller section is adapted for visitors.

The upper cave is explored on foot among large formations. The lower cave follows an underground river and is normally experienced by boat when conditions permit.

A purpose-built walkway leads through large, drier chambers of stalactites, stalagmites, columns and folded limestone formations.

Lebanese speleologists discovered the upper galleries in 1958, and the visitor section opened in 1969. More than two kilometres have been mapped, while roughly 750 metres are adapted for visits.

The lower level follows the underground river connected to the Nahr al-Kalb water system. When conditions allow, a short boat trip passes through dark, water-filled chambers and narrow passages.

Water level, weather and technical operations can close the lower section even when the upper cave is open. Check current status before travelling.

Modern exploration is usually dated to 1836, when the American missionary William Thomson entered the lower cave. Further expeditions gradually mapped more of the system.

Lebanese speleologists played an increasing role from the 1940s. The lower visitor section opened in 1956, the upper galleries were found two years later, and the upper visitor route opened in 1969.

Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide and becomes weakly acidic. As it enters cracks in limestone, it slowly dissolves the rock and enlarges passages, chambers and underground waterways.

Mineral-rich drops later deposit calcite in air-filled chambers. Stalactites grow from the ceiling, stalagmites from the floor, and the two can eventually meet as columns. This extremely slow process makes the formations fragile and effectively irreplaceable.

Jeita lies near Jounieh and works as a half- or full-day trip from Beirut. Taxi, a booked driver or a hire car are normally the simplest options.

Expect walking, changes of level and steps. The caves are cooler than outside and surfaces can be damp, so wear sturdy shoes and carry a light extra layer.